26. IPSA ( International Political Science Association) Dünya Kongresi , Lisbon, Portugal, 10 - 15 July 2021, pp.1-14
One of the biggest challenges to nationalism stems from the conceptualization of sovereignty as
responsibility since the rise of R2P, consecrated by the 2005 UN World Summit. Sixteen years later,
however, we live at a time when cosmopolitanism and consequently, multilateralism is increasingly
considered outdated by the nationalist upsurge parallel to the rise of sharp powers across the international
community, with a direct impact on the demise of the Responsibility to Protect as demonstrated by the
tragedies in Syria, Yemen, and Myanmar, where securitization prevails over the humanitarian.
Nevertheless, the path leading from R2P to the RN2V (responsibility not to veto) movement indicates
that this might be just an episode in the dialectical pattern linking the ups and downs of humanitarian
intervention within the R2P context.